TL;DR: I’ve found this to be true in my career. In my experience, whether or not you get a greenfield project depends on your company or the nature of your team.
If courses teach you’ll be building more greenfield projects than not, I’d be hesitant to consider it a well-rounded education in software development.
For the purposes of this article, I’m using the definition of greenfield project from Wikipedia:
In many disciplines, a greenfield project is one that lacks constraints imposed by prior work. The analogy is to that of construction on greenfield land where there is no need to work within the constraints of existing buildings or infrastructure.
By definition alone, it seems near impossible to think about starting a true greenfield project. I mean, if you’re building something from scratch you have the ability to pick every set of technology and standards the team will used to build the project.
But most projects start with some type of foundation these days. With some extreme exceptions, most things are going to start at the operating system level or will use a platform like the web and likely some type of framework that sits on top of it.
And to that end, there are already certain things in place that constrain what we can use.
The Greenfield Litmus Test
If anything, I’d say a greenfield projects depends on what you consider truly starting a project from scratch.
Absolute purists might claim that a true greenfield project is nothing but bare metal. No operating systems, no available programming languages, etc. Everything starts here and moves up.
Others may draw the line at an existing operating system, existing platform, existing framework, or something like that.
When it comes to greenfield projects, I’m of the mindset that once you know what platform on which you’re building, then you determine if a project is greenfield or not.
Perhaps this is a litmus test:
If you’re building software that’s going to operate on or within the context of a pre-existing product, then it’s not a greenfield project.
If you’re building something completely new to bring to market, then it’s a greenfield project.
It’s easy to start splitting hairs so I’m not going to keep going but this is the filter through which it may be helpful to think of such projects.
Very Few Greenfield Projects
In my career, nearly everything I’ve worked on has either been a feature for a larger project (and yes, some features can be so big they take entire teams – especially at the enterprise level) or has been maintenance on a pre-existing project.
There are a few years were I worked with a very small team and we were creating several products from scratch. And the reason we were able to do that was because we had started a business of our own and were building and selling the products.
But even after those products had become more established, then we swapped into the phase of maintaining and improving the projects. So if a greenfield project comes your way, it doesn’t always stay that way.
As for now, there’s a lot of work I do that’s either related to internal tooling or based in research and development. There are times where a project may be seem like it’d be greenfield but the requirements usually dictate what’s necessary to start the project. So even then, there are constraints in place.
Do Colleges Teach You Often Get Greenfield Projects?
I don’t know what most colleges, universities, or other courses teach. This statement piqued my curiosity because I think that a lot of projects that teach software development concepts are initially done so in a vacuum. But after a certain point, you’re working with something that already exists – even if it’s small.
Though just about everything I’ve worked on out of school has been on a pre-existing project, there were also plenty of projects I had in school that were focused on adding things to projects that already existed.
Sure, some of the projects were in place so we had to learn how to work with existing codebases, but others – especially during internships – were all about maintaining existing software.
Ultimately, you’re likely to have a mixed experience but I’d venture to say the majority of projects are not greenfield.
If universities or other forms of education aren’t providing you with opportunities to learn how to both build a project from scratch and to maintain existing projects, then I’d be hesitant to consider it a well-rounded education in software development.
With regard to what I shared in the previous post – What Do You Expect From Being a Software Developer? – the author provided 10 things I enjoyed and thought it’d be a good exercise to look at each point through my own experience.
At the very least, perhaps these things will be something to keep in mind if you’re looking to enter the industry or even for who have been working in the industry. At most, that article is something that provides a solid perspective from one person’s experience (which likely echo many others, too).
This lead me to think about my experience both in college and in my career in software development and how it relates to the ten points mentioned in the last post. It’s easy to say colleges don’t teach useful software development, but how true is that? Again, I’m not arguing the original post. But perhaps my perspective is a different.
I’m not going to give a deep dive into my entire history doing this (who would want to read that, anyway? :) but why not share my on the 10 points mentioned?
Distinguishing Between Computer Science and Software Development
I think of computer science and software development as two different things.
Computer science is applied mathematics in the field of computing.
This is an important distinction because if you’re talking to someone who works in the field of computer science, they may or may not be in the field of software development; however, if you talk to someone in the field of software development then it’s likely they’ll be doing exactly what the title implies.
And as the field has grown in the last 10-15 years, entire degree programs or certification programs specifically for software development have emerged (as opposed to those just for computer science). That said, there are also degrees and certifications that have a foundation in computer science with a focus in software engineering, software development, web development, and so on.
All of this is worth mentioning because when we start talking about the case of if college will prepare you for a career in software development, I think it’s important to be nuanced enough to map what the college program was teaching versus what you’re expecting from the job market.
Further, it’s also worth stating that it’s not required or necessary to go to college to get a job in this job market. This was the path I chose; others have their own.
“College Will Not Prepare You for the Job”
This is where I think it’s important to distinguish between computer science and software development. When I was in school, I majored in computer science with a focus in software engineering.
If I had to summarize it, I took a lot of classes that were focused on computer science – that is, a lot of math – and then I had a lot of courses on software engineering – that is, how to analyze, design, build, and/or maintain software. For experience, I worked as a teaching assistant and participated in a few internships.
So there’s my context for the experience I’ve had thus far.
The college will prepare you for some basics, but what most of the colleges teach is so far away from day-to-day jobs. Most of the professors who teach at universities are not good software engineers.
Only a small percentage of them even worked as software engineers. Also, the university curriculums are heavily outdated. They trot years behind the software development market needs.
There are three main points in this passage I found most relevant to what I’ve done over the last 16 years (including what I’m doing now).
1. Most Professors Are Not Good Software Engineers
I can definitively say in my experience, you could tell who were the academics and who were the practitioners.
This isn’t to say either is better than the other. If, however, you’re going into the job market then those who have been there have something to offer than those who have been in academia. Conversely, if you’re looking to continue on the track of research and education, then those who have worked in the job market may not be the ones who are your best resource.
Even then, you have to know if the professor is working at the university for research or they are practicing software development by building out something that’s yet to be made publicly available. Some institutions do that and, as such, it’s not as easy to cleanly divide the two.
First, I can unequivocally say the professors who had the greatest impact on my career and my interest in software as a career were those who had spent time outside of an academic setting and worked in the industry (in fact, I still remember their names and many of the projects we did for those classes because they were designing from real world scenarios). A lot of practical skills were taught.
Secondly, I’m not saying those who had not worked in the industry weren’t good professors. Their methods of teaching and the projects they assigned felt far more academic in nature. A lot of theory was taught.
I know: Giving two examples relevant to my own experience doesn’t make or a solid case in one direction or the other. The goal is just to add another perspective to another published article.
The point is simply this:
The majority of the professors who prepared us for working in the industry were those who had already been there.
Those who had not worked in the industry were teaching foundational concepts – they were teaching us how to think.
And I’ll have more to say about that later.
2. University Curriculum Is Heavily Outdated
This point isn’t going to be very long because I can’t speak to the state of university curriculum. Generally, it’s a strong maybe from me. I’m sure it depends on the university or the program in which you’re enrolled.
At the time, I didn’t feel like much of the content I was learning was out of date. But it’s hard to know when you’re in school, right? What do you have to judge it against?
But looking back, there’s only one course that I took that felt out of date for me and it didn’t so much have to do with the content but it had to do with the language we were using: Smalltalk.
There’s a caveat here, though: Part of the reason we were tasked with using Smalltalk was because it was also to help inculcate the foundations of object-oriented programming where everything is an object that receives messages (versus classes and functions that are invoked on an instance of the class).
So even that served its purpose because it told us how to conceptually adapt to a weird requirement.
And for those who are wondering, there were a lot of languages used in school at the time (Java, C, Python, Smalltalk, JavaScript, SQL, and so on). But to say this is heavily outdated isn’t as true as it might be for others.
Was Smalltalk outdated? Yes. But I recognize the concepts taught in that class along with designing or improving object-oriented based systems were the most useful.
What about working with a team to scope, design, build, and test a photo sharing application? This was more applicable to what I was going to be doing day-to-day.
Now, I’ve probably forgotten certain things we were taught that are no longer needed – as is apt to happen – but one thing I distinctly remember learning that I only used in my first job out of school were UML diagrams.
I get the point of them, I understand what they are supposed to convey, but rarely do teams have the time to do this when tasked with a project. Further, it’s harder to diagram part of a project when a much larger system already exists (especially if even part of it is a legacy system).
3. Learn How to Learn
As I mentioned in the first point, the biggest advantage that I came away with when graduating with my degree was that I had learned how to learn.
No, I didn’t know all the languages but I didn’t need to know them. No, I didn’t know all the various tools, systems, languages, platforms, and so on, but I knew how to learn and adapt. And that one skill alone has likely been the one that’s paid the most dividends.
So if you’re in a program – be it something from freeCodeCamp, a course in high school, at a local college, a university program, or anything in between – it’s important to learn how to pick up something new and integrate it into your workflow.
For example, when you understand how something, say dependency injection, works in one language, it’s more or less matter of semantics when using it in another language. And that’s because the act of being able to do a thing transcends the tools used to do the thing.
Anyway, figuring out how to learn is key and we all have different ways of doing it so it’s important to find what works best for you. If that means going to office hours, doing independent reading, watching more content on YouTube, or meeting with the professor or a group of other students, or hanging out with like minded people at a conference, then do it. Whatever opportunities available that are tailored to sharpen your ability to learn, take advantage of them.
Ultimately, learning the why behind something helps you start formulating your own ways of how to learn something new. And when you get a good hold on that, picking up new technologies or applying something from a previous project or a previous job into a solving a new problem becomes easier.
Nothing I’ve shared here is a rebuttal to the previous article nor is it meant to even be argumentative. If anything, this is additional content. It’s an extension to an article someone else has already written.
And if anything else, this is a good exercise in writing something other than how to achieve something programmatically.
Not everyone who works in software development has a degree in computer science (or a degree at all), and I’m not suggesting that you should.
However, if you have ever taken a class, course, or degree program in computer science, software development, or programming in general, there were likely certain assignments or projects given to illustrate specific concepts.
For some, there were even capstone projects that required working on real-world applications. These types of projects, along with internships, are often the most valuable, as they allow you to experience what it’s like to work as a developer or engineer in a professional setting.
In other words, I don’t know what you expect from being a software developer, but engaging in these types of projects or internships can significantly help you understand the difference between theory and practice, as they say.
Last weekend I had a chance to talk with some students who just got their degree. They are pursuing their first software engineer job. In conversation with them, I learned that they have a pretty wrong perception of this job. This is because the reality for these new kids is so skewed.
Here are the top 10 things as provided by Mensur:
College will not prepare you for the job
You will rarely get greenfield projects
Nobody gives a f*** about your clean code
You will sometimes work with incompetent people
Get used to being in meetings for hours
They will ask you for estimates a lot of times
Bugs will be your arch-enemy for life
Uncertainty will be your toxic friend
It will be almost impossible to disconnect from your job
You will profit more from good soft skills than from good technical skills
The entire article is worth a read especially because of the elaborations on each of the above points.
I, nor do I think the author, is claiming all software development jobs are like this but many are. I’d venture to say that many software development jobs include at least a handful of these things (and I do feel bad for those who have a job that exhibit all 10 of these).
If you’re ever wondering what it’s like to worth in software development, or you’re wondering about your own ability in your organization, or you’re wondering about your organization in general, maybe read this list.
And maybe I’ll work a few articles with my experience on each of these points. It’d be likely be 10 short reads, but it’d be something. And it’d be something that’d be relevant to many of you who found yourself as an engineer who made their way into WordPress.
The mu-plugins directory can often become full of various files that have basically been dropped in to solve a particular problem for the particular WordPress installation.
In my experience, these are often useful plugins but they aren’t structured like more standard plugins. That is, mu-plugins often look like a bunch of files dropped in the directory that don’t make a lot of sense unless you read the files. Further, an mu-plugin is often a single file that’s monolithic in nature.
Given the nature of mu-plugins, there’s a case to be made they shouldn’t need to be structured like that. Of course, if you’re building some advanced functionality that is considered must-use, then I think it’s worth building it in such a way that follows modern standards and still works within the mu-plugins structure.
What options are there, though?
I’m sure there are many solutions for how to do this but the way that I’ve found to be cleanest while also allowing me to build plugins in the way I typically do is to maintain a bootstrap file in the mu-plugins directory that references the actual plugin which resides in its own subdirectory.
For example, let’s say I’m building a plugin called acme-solution and the basic file structure looks like something like this:
To drop this into the mu-plugins directory, it’s far too many files as it makes it difficult to maintain along with the rest of the plugins that are present (not to mention the work that may be required when working with a CI/CD app).
So then, I’ll create a bootstrap that looks like this
This obviously is named the same as the acme-solution subdirectory to keep cohesion as high as possible. Then the plugin that resides in acme-solution is structure the same as if it were a standard alone plugin.
And, for what it’s worth, the GitHub repository is structure exactly as you see here. That is:
CHANGELOG.md
README.md
LICENSE
composer.json
composer.lock
src/
vendor/
Are included in the repository as well.
Note
The vendor directory usually only includes the autoloader. I don’t recommend checking all of the dependencies into the repository unless there’s a good reason to do so.
Props to Benjamin Rojas for working with me on coming up with something that’s applicable across a variety of types of mu-plugins.
There are a lot of opinions on how return statements should work.
Some say that there should be a single point of return in a function,
Some day we should return as early as possible,
Some day multiple return statements are fine,
And some say that, when applicable, return as early as possible.
I’m sure I’m missing some, but all of these are ones I’m sure the majority of you have seen. And though I don’t hold either of these to be law, I think there’s a time and a place for each.
I’m a fan of the early return statement. In my mind, the sooner we can determine we don’t need to do the work of a function, the better we just leave.
For example, say we know if we’re not on a certain page, we can go ahead and leave the function:
In this case, it makes sense because:
You only want to perform work on the plugins.php page,
The amount of work to be done in the function is larger than what should ever fit within a conditional.
But there’s an alternative when the amount of work is less than what’s above.
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